The value of studying non-Western philosophy goes far beyond its usual framing as an optional add-on to the modern canon. This is a mistake: non-Western traditions have shaped Western thought itself. This essay focuses on Islamic philosophy, which offers a radically different metaphysical and epistemological framework — one that forces us
What if death meant absolutely nothing to you — not because you were in denial, but because it simply didn’t matter? That’s the radical claim of the Roman poet-philosopher Lucretius in On the Nature of Things. Rooted in the Epicurean tradition, Lucretius presents a materialist vision of the soul
What makes life truly worth living? Ancient philosophers debated whether happiness lies in pleasure, wealth, honour — or something deeper. In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle offers a radical answer: the good life is not about indulgence or status, but the pursuit of rational virtue across a lifetime. This essay explores Aristotle’s
What if our deepest moral instincts aren't about truth at all—just survival? This essay explores a haunting question at the intersection of evolution and ethics: If natural selection shaped our moral beliefs, should we trust them? Moral realism, the idea that there are universal moral truths independent
If morality is just a numbers game, should Earth be sacrificed for the greater good? Utilitarianism argues that the best action is one that maximises happiness—but what happens when this reasoning is applied on a cosmic scale? Utilitarianism reduces ethics to rational calculus—an idea first formulated by Bentham
Maria Lugones introduces her concept of “world”-travelling, where individuals curate themselves to adapt to new worlds, either through necessity or playfulness. Although her framework is compelling and logically sound, her narrative model in particular overlooks the affective and existential conditions necessary for self-construction, pertinent in the modern mental health